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VALEUR du modal (la modalité)
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MODAUX (et équivalents)
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Contexte présent
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Contexte passé
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CAPACITE / APTITUDE
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Can – Could
(be able to)
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She can play tennis.
(Elle sait jouer au Tennis.) |
He could play for hours.
(Il pouvait jouer pendant des heures.) |
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PERMISSION
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Can (poli)
May (très poli)
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You can sit down.
(Tu peux t'asseoir.)
You may go.
(Vous pouvez partitr.) |
She said I could sit down.
She said I might go.
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INTERDICTION
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Mustn't
Can't
Shan’t
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You mustn't do that.
(Tu ne dois pas faire cela.)
You can't smoke in the bus.
(Vous ne pouvez pas fumer dans le car.)
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I was told I mustn't do that.
We were told we couldn't smoke in the bus..
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REQUÊTES
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Can – Will
(poli)
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Can / will you open the windows?
(Peux-tu ouvrir les fenêtres?) |
She asked me if I could / would open the windows. |
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Could – Would
(plus poli)
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Could I have your pen?
(Pourrais-je avoir votre stylo?) |
She asked me if she could have my pen. |
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May
(très poli)
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May I have your pen?
(Puis-je avoir votre stylo?) |
She asked me if she might have my pen. |
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OFFRES ET INVITATIONS
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Can – Shall – Will
(poli)
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Will you marry me?
(Veux-tu m’épouser?)
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He asked me if I would marry him. |
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Would – Could
(très poli)
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Could you correct my exercise? (Pourriez-vous corriger mon exercice?) |
I asked him if he could correct my exercise. |
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OBLIGATION / ABSENCE D’OBLIGATION
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Must - Mustn’t
(Venant du locuteur)
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You must be back early.
(Tu dois rentrer tôt.)
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I was told I must be back early. |
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Must
(A la première personne: obligation librement consentie)
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I must go to the Wilson’s.
(Je dois aller chez les Wilson)
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I told them I had to go to the Wilson’s. |
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Have to
(Imposé au locuteur)
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I have to go to the dentist.
(Je dois aller / il faut que j’aille chez le dentiste.)
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Yesterday, I had to go to the dentist. |
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CONSEIL
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Should – Shouldn’t
Ought to – Had better
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You should look for a job.
(Tu devrais chercher un boulot.)
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I was told I should look for a job. |
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CONDITION
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Could
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She could do it if someone helped her.
(Elle l'aurait fait si quelqu'un l'avait aidée.) |
She could have done it if someone had helped her. |
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VOLONTE
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Will
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She won't do it.
(Elle ne veut pas le faire.) |
I would help you if I had time.
(Je t'aiderais si j'avais le temps.) |
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SOUHAITS
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May – Would like
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I would like him to behave normally.
(J'aimerais qu'il se comporte normalement) |
I would have liked him to behave normally. |
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SUGGESTIONS
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Could - May - Might - Shall
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You could tell her not to be anxious.
(Tu pourrais lui dire de ne pas s’inquiéter.)
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(Au passé, ces modaux expriment le reproche)
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NÉCESSITÉ / ABSENCE DE NÉCESSITÉ
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Need – Needn’t
(not have to)
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You needn't go there.
(Il n’est pas nécessaire que tu y ailles.)
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REPROCHE /
REGRET
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Could – Should – Might – Needn't
+ infinitif passé
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Regret: I could have had a better mark.
(J’aurais pu avoir une meilleure note.)
Reproche: You shouldn’t have eaten so fast!
(Tu n’aurais pas dû manger si vite !)
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